Pavel Efimovich Eliasberg (June 5, 1914 — March 30, 1988) was an outstanding scientist and teacher, one of the founders of Russian space ballistics. Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. Participant of the Great Patriotic War, colonel, twice a knight of the Order of the Red Star, the Orders of the Patriotic War and the Badge of Honor. Winner of the Lenin Prize.

Pavel Eliasberg supervised the work on ballistic support for a number of Soviet space projects, was the chief scientific consultant of the Research Institute-4 of the USSR Ministry of Defense. His work played an outstanding role in solving a complex set of issues related to the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite. Pavel Eliasberg was an initiator and organizer of work on the study of spatio-temporal variations in the density of the upper atmosphere and the development of its dynamic model. The author of fundamental works on the optimization of measurements used to refine the orbital parameters and develop optimal orbit correction sessions. Author of several monographs, including "Introduction to the theory of flight of artificial satellites of the Earth".

Pavel Eliasberg was founder and the first Head of the Department of Space Dynamics and Mathematical Information Processing of the Space Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.